月面钻进真空环境模拟装置的设计与验证

探月工程（三期）项目提出了在月面进行至少2 m深度的钻取采样任务,前期需要在地面进行模拟月面钻进过程热特性的研究,为此本文发明了一套月面真空环境模拟装置。根据模拟月壤钻进试验的要求,设计了一种可从底部抽气的三段式可多次拆装的真空罐结构。考虑到模拟月壤的颗粒大小和快速抽真空的要求,设计了一种筛网状具有多层过滤结构的月壤筒。根据在真空度不变的条件下可进行连续多次钻进试验的要求,设计了可从外部操作的具有缺齿结构的月壤筒转动机构。由真空度要求和可耐粉尘的特性要求,选取了三级扩散泵组。实验表明,在不放置模拟月壤的情况下,本环境模拟装置中的真空度可达10-1 Pa,在放置模拟月壤的情况下,真空度可达7 Pa,能够满足模拟月面钻进过程热特性试验的要求。此外,通过测量抽真空过程中真空度随时间的变化情况还得出了模拟月壤出气量曲线,对模拟月壤真空系统的实验应用具有重要价值。      

碳纤维/ 氰酸酯复合材料尺寸稳定性能

对碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的吸湿、空间放气、吸湿变形性能进行了研究,并与传统碳纤维/环氧复合材料的性能进行对比。研究表明:氰酸酯基复合材料的吸湿性能优于碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,且其各项空间环境性能均与环氧树脂基复合材料相当。     

多体分离数值模拟及方法验证

利用自主研发的混合网格Euler／RANs方程解算软件WoF90以及六自由度动力学与运动学方程解算程序,采用脚本语言技术实现网格的自动生成,建立了一套可用于多体分离问题的准定常Euler流动非结构网格方法。通过AEDC算例对非结构准定常Euler方程方法解决多体分离问题进行了计算研究,验证了方法的可行性。     

一类非线性系统的一阶D型迭代学习控制

传统的D型迭代学习控制的控制律设计方案依赖于被控系统的相对度.为解决该问题以及相对度增益与高阶微分运算的问题,针对一类具有任意高阶相对度的非线性系统,提出了基于虚拟模型的一阶D型迭代学习控制设计方法.该方法的主要思想是与具有任意高阶相对度的非线性被控系统并联一个一阶子系统,构造一个相对度为1、相对度增益可以任意设计的虚拟模型,在此基础上设计一个一阶D型迭代学习控制律,使得虚拟模型能够实现期望轨迹的完全跟踪,从而实际被控系统在一定误差范围内实现期望轨迹的跟踪.仿真实例验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性.     

Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

碳纳米管/玻纤/环氧层板超声真空灌注工艺及性能研究

针对碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂体系,采用传统的真空灌注工艺和超声波辅助真空灌注工艺制备复合材料层板,分析不同工艺方法下层板缺陷状况,测试层板的弯曲性能和层间剪切性能,考察树脂性能和纤维/树脂界面黏结状况,探讨碳管及工艺方法对层合板性能的影响。结果表明:与传统的真空罐注工艺相比,超声波辅助真空罐注工艺能增强树脂在纤维内部的流动,提高树脂对纤维的浸润,减少层合板的孔隙缺陷;添加0.05%(质量分数)的CNT后层合板的力学性能提高,使用超声波辅助真空罐注工艺制造的层板性能提高得更为明显;制造工艺对层合板性能的影响与纤维织物的结构紧密相关。     

亚微米晶NiAl-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其烧结-锻造短流程成形

以Ni粉和Al粉为原料,通过机械合金化和真空热压烧结制备了高致密的NiAl-5％Al2O3(体积分数,下同)复合材料,并利用烧结-锻造技术制成了该材料的前缘模拟件.机械球磨后,粉末颗粒充分细化,Ni和Al发生原位反应,并最终生成NiAl-5％Al2O3复合材料粉末.经1300℃真空热压烧结,获得致密的NiAl-Al2O...     

一种可重构3-RRR平面并联机构及其工作空间分析

在传统三自由度平面并联机构的基础上,提出了一种新型可重构三自由度平面并联机构。首先,基于方位特征方程的并联机构拓扑结构设计理论与方法,设计了一种可重构支链,实现3-转动副移动副转动副（3-revolute-joint,prismatic-joint,revolute-joint,3-RPR）型与3-转动副转动副转动副（3-revolute-joint,revolute-joint,revolute-joint,3-RRR）型平面并联机构之间的切换。然后,以3-RRR构型为例,分析了机构重要的拓扑指标：方位特征、自由度及耦合度,并基于机构的结构特性及几何约束条件,采用封闭矢量法,推导出运动学逆解模型。最后,分别基于支链的几何约束法及逆解模型,分析了机构的位置工作空间,并研究了杆长行程变化对工作空间的影响。本文不仅为机构工作空间的分析提供了一种新的思路,而且为机构的设计提供了一种新的选择。     

一种基于提高试卷质量的实证分析

本文在对一定数量期末试卷分析汇总的数据进行分类、整理的基础上,以描述统计的基本方法为基础,分析了内容效度、覆盖率、难度、区分度、成绩分布情况等指标,探讨了试卷分析中反映出的一些教与学双方的问题及其成因,并积极寻求解决之道,提出了相应的提高试卷质量的几点设想与建议.     

Vibration Reduction of Open-chain Flexible Manipulators by Optimizing Independent Motions of Branch Links

In order to suppress vibration in flexible manipulators, a new type of manipulator mechanism with controllable local degrees of freedom is proposed. This mechanism consists of a main chain and some branch links. The main chain is of a flexible open-chain configuration with an end-effector installed at its tip, and the rigid branch links are able to perform active movements. It is proved by kinematics and dynamic analysis that, the branch links bear no direct kinematic relation to the main chain, but their independent motions can strongly affect the dynamic behavior and performance of the flexible manipulator. Then comes a new idea of suppressing vibration, in which independent motions of the branch links are used to suppress the undesired vibration of the flexible main chain through dynamic coupling. On this basis, an optimal method for reducing vibration of flexible manipulators is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical simulations.